Combined Task Force 151
Combined Task Force 151 (CTF-151) is a multinational naval task force, set up in 2009 as a response to piracy attacks in the Gulf of Aden and off the eastern coast of Somalia.[1] Its mission is to disrupt piracy and armed robbery at sea and to engage with regional and other partners to build capacity and improve relevant capabilities in order to protect global maritime commerce and secure freedom of navigation. It operates in conjunction with the EU's Operation Atalanta and NATO's Operation Ocean Shield.
As of June 2021, the commander of CTF-151 is the Rear Admiral André Luiz Andrade Felix, of the Brazilian Navy.[2]
History
editThe CTF 151 was established on 12 January 2009 as a response to piracy attacks in Somalia, "with a specific piracy mission-based mandate under the authority of UNSCRs 1816, 1838, 1846, 1851 and 1897".[3] The CTF 150 mainly dealt with maritime security and counter terrorism. Piracy was considered more of a law enforcement mission.[3] CTF were established as a mission-based Task Force. Upon their establishment in 2009, operated under a UNSCR counter-piracy mandate. The CTF is not geographically constrained.[4] Their mandate has been "based upon the range of counter-piracy UNSCRs".[4] In February 2011, a group of pirates hijacked a Panamanian-flagged ship. The Puntland government stated that they did not want captured ships and pirate bases near Bosaso.[5] The pirates forced the ship's crew to the south, to a coastal area that was not as receptive.[6] Admiral Mcknight had a conversation with Jatin Dua and the Navy SEALS rescued two hostages who were being held in an inland camp. The SEALS killed about nine pirates.[7]
In January 2012, six Somali pirates launched an attack on the bulk cargo ship the MV Sunshine about one hundred miles off the coast of Oman. This was referred to as a by-the-book approach; The pirates used AK-47s, a rocket propelled grenade launcher, a grappling hook and attempted to affix a ladder onto the boat.[8] The pirates threw their weapons overboard so the boarding team could not arrest them. They gave the pirates food and water, finally turning them loose. The Somalis did not realize that a helicopter from the USS Mobile Bay was keeping track of their movements. The pirates headed back to the Iranian dhow.[8] The USS Kidd was able to track the Al Mulahi and noticed some Middle Easterners were aboard. The New York Times reported a standoff, afterwards the Somalis were still hidden and the Iranian captain spoke with the Americans.[9]
Formation
editBetween 2002 and 2004, a first naval coalition in charge of fighting terrorism in the area was dubbed Task Force 151.
On 8 January 2009, at the United States Fifth Fleet headquarters in Manama, Bahrain, Vice Admiral William E. Gortney, USN, announced the formation of CTF-151 to combat the piracy threat off Somalia, with Rear Admiral Terence E. McKnight in command.[10] The Template:USS was designated as the first flagship of Combined Task Force 151, serving as an afloat forward staging base (AFSB) for the following force elements:
- Fourteen-member U.S. Navy visit, board, search and seizure (VBSS) team.[11][12]
- One of the United States Coast Guard eight-member Law Enforcement Detachments (LEDETs): Law Enforcement Detachment 405.[11][12]
- Scout Sniper Platoon, 2nd Battalion, 6th Marine Regiment, 26th Marine Expeditionary Unit cross-decked from the Template:USS.[11]
- 3rd Platoon (Golf Company, 26th MEU), a military police detachment, and intelligence personnel.[12]
- Fleet Surgical Team 8 with level-two surgical capability to deal with trauma, surgical, critical care and medical evacuation needs.[12]
- Approximately 75 Marines with six AH-1 SuperCobra (AH-1Ws) and two UH-1N Huey helicopters from Marine Medium Helicopter Squadron 264 (HMM-264) of the 26th MEU cross-decked from the USS Iwo Jima.[13]
- Three HH-60H helicopters from Helicopter Anti-Submarine Squadron 3 (HS-3) cross-decked from the Template:USS.[12][14]
Initially, CTF-151 consisted of the San Antonio, Template:USS, and Template:HMS, with additional warships expected to join this force.[15] Twenty countries were expected to contribute to the force, including Canada, Denmark, France, Japan, Republic of Korea, the Netherlands, Pakistan, Singapore, Thailand and the United Kingdom, all of which have already pledged participation.[16]
On 5 April 2009, United States Rear Admiral Michelle J. Howard, assumed command of CTF-151 and Expeditionary Strike Group 2.[17] On 29 May, the Australian Government pledged its support, re-tasking the frigate Template:HMAS from duties in the Persian Gulf to the task force, as well as Lockheed P-3 Orion maritime patrol aircraft.[18]
Task measures
editThe measures carried out by the task force include: Upholding an active 24-hour lookout, the removal of access ladders, reporting apprehensive actions to proper authorities, the use of deck lighting, razor wire, netting, fire hoses, electrical fencing, and surveillance and detection equipment, defending the lowest points of access, engaging in evasive maneuvering and speed through pirate attacks, and joining group transits.[19]
The CMF established the Maritime Security Patrol Area (MSPA) in the Gulf of Aden in August 2008 to provision international efforts to battle piracy. The coalition efforts involved CTF-150 assets patrolling the area with aircraft and ships. However, the charter for CTF-150, which was established at the beginning of Operation Enduring Freedom, was for the conduct of Maritime Security Operations in the Gulf of Oman, Gulf of Aden, the Arabian Sea, the Indian Ocean and the Red Sea. Such operations included the deterrence of threatening activities, such as weapons trafficking and drug smuggling.[1]
Rescue of Captain Richard Phillips
editIn 2009, there was a pirate attack on the Maersk Alabama. The rescue personnel included DEVGRU[20] On 7 April 2009 there was an advisory issued by the U.S. Maritime Administration stating that ships stay six hundred miles off the coast of Somalia due to an increase of piracy. The Somali pirates mainly targeted the Gulf of Aden because most vessels traveling towards the Suez Canal were there. However, with CTF 151, the Chinese, Russians, and Operation Atalanta all concentrated in that area, pirates were compelled to look elsewhere.[21] On 1 April 2009 the Maersk Alabama headed toward the Gulf of Aden. Captain Phillips was unaware of the pirates on the way .[22] Captain Phillips and his crew were eventually surrounded by three pirate skiffs with their mother ship in pursuit, eight miles behind.[23] Phillips eventually hit the silent alarm button that signaled a search and rescue team to come.[24] At one point it was reported that there was a standoff between the ship's crew and the pirates.[25] They eventually called for a prisoner exchange and Phillips was among the first to be released onto a lifeboat.[26]
Success
editVice Admiral Bill Gortney stated that because of proactive measures taken by certain merchant mariners, the piracy events in the region have been reduced. He also cautioned that the "efforts of coalition and international navies won't solve the problem of piracy."[1]
List of Commanders
edit- [[Image:Template:Country flag alias Canada|border|25x20px|Template:Country alias Canadaの旗]] Commodore Roger Girouard, RCN[27] as Task Force 151
- [[Image:Template:Country flag alias USA|border|25x20px|Template:Country alias USAの旗]] Rear Admiral Terence E. McKnight, USN
- [[Image:Template:Country flag alias USA|border|25x20px|Template:Country alias USAの旗]] Rear Admiral Scott Eugene Sanders, USN
- [[Image:Template:Country flag alias Turkey|border|25x20px|Template:Country alias Turkeyの旗]] Rear Admiral Caner Bener, TN[28]
- [[Image:Template:Country flag alias Singapore|border|25x20px|Template:Country alias Singaporeの旗]] Rear Admiral Bernard Miranda, RSN[29]
- [[Image:Template:Country flag alias South Korea|border|25x20px|Template:Country alias South Koreaの旗]] Rear Admiral Lee Beom-rim, ROKN[28]
- [[Image:Template:Country flag alias Turkey|border|25x20px|Template:Country alias Turkeyの旗]] Rear Admiral Sinan Ertuğrul, TN[28]
- [[Image:Template:Country flag alias Pakistan|border|25x20px|Template:Country alias Pakistanの旗]] Commodore Abdul Aleem, PN[30]
- [[Image:Template:Country flag alias Singapore|border|25x20px|Template:Country alias Singaporeの旗]] Rear Admiral Harris Chan Weng Yip, RSN[31]
- [[Image:Template:Country flag alias NZ|border|25x20px|Template:Country alias NZの旗]] Captain Jim Gilmour, RNZN[32][33]
- [[Image:Template:Country flag alias Pakistan|border|25x20px|Template:Country alias Pakistanの旗]] Rear Admiral Kaleem Shaukat, PN[34]
- [[Image:Template:Country flag alias Denmark|border|25x20px|Template:Country alias Denmarkの旗]] Commodore Aage Buur Jensen, Danish Navy[35]
- [[Image:Template:Country flag alias Thailand|border|25x20px|Template:Country alias Thailandの旗]] Rear Admiral Tanin Likitawong, RTN[36]
- [[Image:Template:Country flag alias South Korea|border|25x20px|Template:Country alias South Koreaの旗]] Rear Admiral Anho Chung, ROKN[37]
- [[Image:Template:Country flag alias Turkey|border|25x20px|Template:Country alias Turkeyの旗]] Rear Admiral Oguz Karaman, TN[38]
- [[Image:Template:Country flag alias Pakistan|border|25x20px|Template:Country alias Pakistanの旗]] Commodore Muhammad Hisham, PN[39]
- [[Image:Template:Country flag alias Singapore|border|25x20px|Template:Country alias Singaporeの旗]] Rear Admiral Giam Hock Koon, RSN[40]
- [[Image:Template:Country flag alias Pakistan|border|25x20px|Template:Country alias Pakistanの旗]] Commodore Muhammad Ihsan Qadir, PN[41]
- [[Image:Template:Country flag alias UK|border|25x20px|Template:Country alias UKの旗]] Commodore Jeremy Blunden LVO, RN[42]
- [[Image:Template:Country flag alias Denmark|border|25x20px|Template:Country alias Denmarkの旗]] Commodore Aage Buur Jensen, Danish Navy[43] 2nd Term
- [[Image:Template:Country flag alias Pakistan|border|25x20px|Template:Country alias Pakistanの旗]] Commodore Ali Abbas SI(M), PN[44]
- [[Image:Template:Country flag alias South Korea|border|25x20px|Template:Country alias South Koreaの旗]] Rear Admiral Cho Young Joo, ROKN[45]
- [[Image:Template:Country flag alias New Zealand|border|25x20px|Template:Country alias New Zealandの旗]] Commodore Tony Millar, MNZM, RNZN[46]
- [[Image:Template:Country flag alias Thailand|border|25x20px|Template:Country alias Thailandの旗]] Rear Admiral Pakorn Wanich, RTN[47]
- [[Image:Template:Country flag alias Pakistan|border|25x20px|Template:Country alias Pakistanの旗]] Commodore Asif Hameed Siddiqui, PN[48]
- [[Image:Template:Country flag alias Japan|border|25x20px|Template:Country alias Japanの旗]] Rear Admiral Hiroshi Ito, JMSDF[49]
- [[Image:Template:Country flag alias Turkey|border|25x20px|Template:Country alias Turkeyの旗]] Captain Ayhan Bay, TN[50]
- [[Image:Template:Country flag alias Pakistan|border|25x20px|Template:Country alias Pakistanの旗]] Rear Admiral Zahid Ilyas, PN[51]
- [[Image:Template:Country flag alias Singapore|border|25x20px|Template:Country alias Singaporeの旗]] Rear Admiral Cheong Kwok Chien, RSN[52][53]
- [[Image:Template:Country flag alias South Korea|border|25x20px|Template:Country alias South Koreaの旗]] Rear Admiral Nam Dong Woo, ROKN[54]
- [[Image:Template:Country flag alias Pakistan|border|25x20px|Template:Country alias Pakistanの旗]] Commodore Muhammad Shuaib SI (M), Pakistan Navy[55]
- [[Image:Template:Country flag alias Japan|border|25x20px|Template:Country alias Japanの旗]] Rear Admiral Tatsuya Fukuda, JMSDF[56]
- [[Image:Template:Country flag alias Turkey|border|25x20px|Template:Country alias Turkeyの旗]] Rear Admiral Emre Sezenler, TN[57]
- [[Image:Template:Country flag alias Bahrain|border|25x20px|Template:Country alias Bahrainの旗]] Commodore Yusuf Almannaei, RBNF[58]
- [[Image:Template:Country flag alias Japan|border|25x20px|Template:Country alias Japanの旗]] Rear Admiral Daisuke Kajimoto, JMSDF[59]
- [[Image:Template:Country flag alias Singapore|border|25x20px|Template:Country alias Singaporeの旗]] Rear Admiral Saw Shi Tat, RSN[60]
- [[Image:Template:Country flag alias Kuwait|border|25x20px|Template:Country alias Kuwaitの旗]] Captain Ali Al Rashidi, Kuwait Naval Force[61]
- [[Image:Template:Country flag alias Kuwait|border|25x20px|Template:Country alias Kuwaitの旗]] Captain Alajmi, Kuwait Naval Force[61]
- [[Image:Template:Country flag alias South Korea|border|25x20px|Template:Country alias South Koreaの旗]] Rear Admiral Byeong-Ju Yu, ROKN[62]
- [[Image:Template:Country flag alias Kuwait|border|25x20px|Template:Country alias Kuwaitの旗]] Captain Khaled Hasan Al Kandari, Kuwait Naval Force[63]
- [[Image:Template:Country flag alias Japan|border|25x20px|Template:Country alias Japanの旗]] Rear Admiral Yoshiyasu Ishimaki, JMSDF[64]
- [[Image:Template:Country flag alias Turkey|border|25x20px|Template:Country alias Turkeyの旗]] Rear Admiral Nejat Inanir, TN[65]
- [[Image:Template:Country flag alias Pakistan|border|25x20px|Template:Country alias Pakistanの旗]] Commodore Abdul Munib, Pakistan Navy[66]
- [[Image:Template:Country flag alias Brazil|border|25x20px|Template:Country alias Brazilの旗]] Rear Admiral André Luiz Andrade Felix, Brazilian Navy[67] (Current)
Command History
editThe Task Force has been headed by different countries participating.[68]
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See also
edit- Operation Atalanta—EU operation in the area
- Operation Ocean Shield—NATO operation in the area
- Combined Task Force 150—similar patrol in the Indian Ocean that deals with counter-terrorism
- Maritime Security Patrol Area
- Maersk Alabama hijacking in April 2009
References
edit- ^ a b c "New Counter-Piracy Task Force Established". Retrieved 22 January 2014.
- ^ "BRAZILIAN NAVY (MARIHNA DO BRASIL) TAKES FIRST COMMAND IN CMF". Combined Maritime Forces (CMF). June 10, 2021.
- ^ a b "CTF-151: Counter-piracy". Combined Maritime Forces. 17 September 2010. Retrieved 4 December 2013.
- ^ a b Combined Maritime Forces (CMF) Operations Counter Piracy Operations, Challenges, Shortfalls and Lessons Learned (PDF). NATO. 2009. p. 3.
- ^ Mcknight, Terry; Michael Hirsh (2012). Pirate Alley: Commanding Task Force 151 Off Somalia. Annapolis: Naval Institute Press. p. 37.
- ^ Mcknight, Terry; Michael Hirsh (2012). Pirate Alley: Commanding Task Force 151 Off Somalia. Annapolis: Naval Institute Press. pp. 37–38.
- ^ Mcknight, Terry; Michael Hirsh (2012). Pirate Alley: Commanding Task Force 151 Off Somalia. Annapolis: Naval Institute Press. p. 39.
- ^ a b Mcknight, Terry; Michael Hirsh (2012). Pirate Alley: Commanding Task Force 151 Off Somalia. Annapolis: Naval Institute Press. p. 88.
- ^ Mcknight, Terry; Michael Hirsh (2012). Pirate Alley: Commanding Task Force 151 Off Somalia. Annapolis: Naval Institute Press. pp. 88–89.
- ^ "New Counter-Piracy Task Force Established". Navy NewsStand. GlobalSecurity.org. 2009-01-08. Retrieved 2009-04-13.
- ^ a b c d e Goodwin, Brian (2009-01-19). "San Antonio Key to Counterpiracy Mission". Defence Professional. Archived from the original on 2009-01-31. Retrieved 2009-01-26.
- ^ Mills, Cpl Jason D. (2009-01-09). "Skids Fly to San Antonio". Marine Corps News. Military Advantage. Retrieved 2009-01-26.
- ^ Gibbons, Timothy J. (2009-01-28). "San Navy helicopter squadron helps fight pirates". The Florida Times-Union. Archived from the original on 2009-01-31. Retrieved 2009-01-28.
- ^ Viscusi, Gregory (2009-01-27). "Pirate Attacks Cut Dramatically by Navies, U.S. Admiral Says". Bloomberg News. Retrieved 2009-01-28.
- ^ "US to lead new anti-pirate force". BBC News. 2009-01-08. Retrieved 2010-04-30.
- ^ Lt. John Fage (April 5, 2009). "Admiral Howard Takes Command of ESG-2 and CTF 151 (Release #057-09)" (Press release). U.S. Fifth Fleet. Archived from the original on April 11, 2009. Retrieved 2009-04-16.
- ^ McPhedran, Ian (2009-05-29). "Navy warship and RAAF spy planes join fight against Somali pirates". The Daily Telegraph. Sydney. Archived from the original on 13 September 2009.
- ^ "Combined Maritime Forces". Combined Maritime Forces. 17 September 2010.
- ^ Mcknight, Terry; Michael Hirsh (2012). Pirate Alley: Commanding Task Force 151 Off Somalia. Annapolis: Naval Institute Press. pp. 118–119.
- ^ Mcknight, Terry; Michael Hirsh (2012). Pirate Alley: Commanding Task Force 151 Off Somalia. Annapolis: Naval Institute Press. pp. 122–123.
- ^ Mcknight, Terry; Michael Hirsh (2012). Pirate Alley: Commanding Task Force 151 Off Somalia. Annapolis: Naval Institute Press. p. 123.
- ^ Mcknight, Terry; Michael Hirsh (2012). Pirate Alley: Commanding Task Force 151 Off Somalia. Annapolis: Naval Institute Press. p. 126.
- ^ Mcknight, Terry; Michael Hirsh (2012). Pirate Alley: Commanding Task Force 151 Off Somalia. Annapolis: Naval Institute Press. p. 130.
- ^ Mcknight, Terry; Michael Hirsh (2012). Pirate Alley: Commanding Task Force 151 Off Somalia. Annapolis: Naval Institute Press. p. 135.
- ^ Mcknight, Terry; Michael Hirsh (2012). Pirate Alley: Commanding Task Force 151 Off Somalia. Annapolis: Naval Institute Press. p. 136.
- ^ "Rear Admiral (Retired) Roger Girouard". 11 October 2017.
- ^ a b c "Turkey Assumes Command of CTF-151". Combined Maritime Forces (CMF). September 1, 2010.
- ^ "PRESS RELEASE Report". www.nas.gov.sg.
- ^ "Pakistan Assumes Command of Combined Task Force 151". Combined Maritime Forces (CMF). November 29, 2010.
- ^ "Republic of Singapore assumes Command of Combined Task Force 151". Combined Maritime Forces (CMF). April 1, 2011.
- ^ http://www.nzdf.mil.nz/media-centre/news/2011/20110602-nztcucptf.htm
- ^ "Royal New Zealand Navy assumes Command of Combined Task Force 151". Combined Maritime Forces (CMF). July 1, 2011.
- ^ "PAKISTAN ASSUMES COMMAND OF COMBINED TASK FORCE 151". Combined Maritime Forces (CMF). September 28, 2011.
- ^ "DENMARK ASSUMES COMMAND OF COMBINED TASK FORCE 151 BAHRAIN". Combined Maritime Forces (CMF). January 12, 2012.
- ^ "ROYAL THAI NAVY ASSUMES COMMAND OF COMBINED TASK FORCE 151". Combined Maritime Forces (CMF). March 29, 2012.
- ^ "REPUBLIC OF KOREA NAVY ASSUMES COMMAND OF COMBINED TASK FORCE 151". Combined Maritime Forces (CMF). June 19, 2012.
- ^ "TURKEY ASSUMES COMMAND OF COMBINED TASK FORCE 151". Combined Maritime Forces (CMF). September 25, 2012.
- ^ "PAKISTAN NAVY ASSUMES COMMAND OF COMBINED TASK FORCE 151". Combined Maritime Forces (CMF). December 13, 2012.
- ^ "REPUBLIC OF SINGAPORE NAVY TAKES COMMAND OF COMBINED TASK FORCE 151". Combined Maritime Forces (CMF). March 7, 2013.
- ^ "Singapore hands over CTF 151 to Pakistan". Combined Maritime Forces (CMF). June 13, 2013.
- ^ "Combined Task Force 151 Change of Command Ceremony". Combined Maritime Forces (CMF). September 12, 2013.
- ^ "UK handover to Denmark at CTF 151 Change of Command Ceremony". Combined Maritime Forces (CMF). December 12, 2013.
- ^ "Denmark handover to Pakistan at CTF 151 change of command ceremony". Combined Maritime Forces (CMF). March 2, 2014.
- ^ "Pakistan passes command of CTF-151 to the Republic of Korea". Combined Maritime Forces (CMF). June 18, 2014.
- ^ "South Korea passes command of CTF-151 to New Zealand". Combined Maritime Forces (CMF). September 2, 2014.
- ^ "New Zealand passes command of CTF-151 to Thailand". Combined Maritime Forces (CMF). November 25, 2014.
- ^ "UKMTO Dubai welcomes the Commander of the Combined Task Force 151". Combined Maritime Forces (CMF). April 23, 2015.
- ^ "Japan Makes History as it Takes the Lead of Combined Task Force 151". Combined Maritime Forces (CMF). June 2, 2015.
- ^ "Turkey assumes command of CTF 151 from Japan". Combined Maritime Forces (CMF). August 27, 2015.
- ^ "Pakistan assumes command of CTF 151 from Turkey". Combined Maritime Forces (CMF). December 21, 2015.
- ^ "Pakistan handover to Singapore at CTF 151 Change of Command Ceremony". Combined Maritime Forces (CMF). April 7, 2016.
- ^ "Commandant SAFTI MI". www.mindef.gov.sg.
- ^ "Singapore handover to Korea at CTF 151 Change of Command Ceremony". Combined Maritime Forces (CMF). July 7, 2016.
- ^ "CTF 151 Handover #piracy #maritimesecurityoperations". Combined Maritime Forces (CMF). October 27, 2016.
- ^ "CTF 151 Change of Command Ceremony". Combined Maritime Forces (CMF). March 9, 2017.
- ^ "JAPAN HANDS OVER TO TURKEY IN CTF151 CHANGE OF COMMAND CEREMONY". Combined Maritime Forces (CMF). June 29, 2017.
- ^ "TURKEY HANDS OVER TO BAHRAIN IN CTF 151 CHANGE OF COMMAND CEREMONY". Combined Maritime Forces (CMF). November 2, 2017.
- ^ "CTF 151 BAHRAIN HANDOVER TO JAPAN". Combined Maritime Forces (CMF). March 1, 2018.
- ^ "SINGAPORE TAKES COMMAND OF COUNTER PIRACY COMBINED TASK FORCE 151". Combined Maritime Forces (CMF). July 1, 2018.
- ^ a b "FIRST TIME CTF 151 AND CTF 152 CONDUCTED A CHANGE OF COMMAND CEREMONY ON THE SAME DAY!". Combined Maritime Forces (CMF). February 25, 2019.
- ^ "Kuwait Naval Forces hands over to Republic of Korea Navy in CTF 151 Change of Command Ceremony". Combined Maritime Forces (CMF). June 26, 2019.
- ^ "Republic of Korea Navy hands over command of CTF 151 to Kuwait Naval Force – القوات البحرية للجمهورية الكورية تسلم قيادة قوات الواجب المختلطة -١٥١ للقوات البحرية الكويتية". Combined Maritime Forces (CMF). October 23, 2019.
- ^ "JAPAN TAKES COMMAND OF COMBINED TASK FORCE 151". Combined Maritime Forces (CMF). February 23, 2020.
- ^ "Japan Hands Over Command of CTF 151 to Turkey". Combined Maritime Forces (CMF). July 21, 2020.
- ^ "TURKISH NAVY HANDS OVER TASK FORCE COMMAND TO PAKISTAN". Combined Maritime Forces (CMF). December 18, 2020.
- ^ "BRAZILIAN NAVY (MARIHNA DO BRASIL) TAKES FIRST COMMAND IN CMF". Combined Maritime Forces (CMF). June 10, 2021.
- ^ "CTF 151: Counter-piracy Website". 17 September 2010.
Further reading
edit- McKnight, Terry and Michael Hirsh. Pirate Alley: Commanding Task Force 151 off Somalia. Annapolis, MD : Naval Institute Press, 2012. ISBN 1-61251-134-1 OCLC 785079505
- Newsome, Timothy E. Somali Piracy: Are We Making a Mountain Out of a Molehill? Ft. Belvoir: Defense Technical Information Center, 2009. OCLC 574551215
- Phillips, Richard, and Stephan Talty. A Captain's Duty: Somali Pirates, Navy Seals, and Dangerous Days at Sea. New York: Hyperion, 2010. ISBN 1-4013-2380-4 OCLC 430843212
- Zogg, Dennis M. Why the U.S. Navy Should Not Be Fighting Piracy Off Somalia. Ft. Belvoir: Defense Technical Information Center, 2009. OCLC 465323456
External links
edit- U.S. Navy Hunt for Somali Pirates: Behind the Pirate Code
- CENTCOM: New Counter-Piracy Task Force Established
- Navy creates force devoted to fighting piracy
- CTF-151: Counter-piracy
- Multinational Task Force Targets Pirates
- Arms and Influence at Sea
- Tag Archive: CTF-151
- Combined Maritime Forces (CMF)Operations Counter Piracy Operations, Challenges, Shortfalls and Lessons Learned
- New Counter-Piracy Task Force Established
- Counter-piracy Mission Off Somalia Remains Problematic
- The United States Response to Piracy off the Coast of Somalia
- Combined Task Force 151 hunts down pirates in the Gulf of Aden